上世纪末，比尔·盖茨说：“在不远的未来，没有智能家居系统的住宅，就像今天不能‘在网上冲浪’一样不符合潮流。”如今在成都，不仅智能家居已在各家广泛应用，就连垃圾回收都有了科技含量。
红色、绿色、蓝色、灰色；可回收、有害、厨余、其他……面对五颜六色的垃圾分类箱，人们顿生困惑——手里的垃圾到底该扔向何处？现在很多成都人已不再犯愁，他们只需要在小程序上搜索垃圾名称，就能查到正确分类，之后在家自主分装，再将环保袋投放到无人站点。只需要稍等一会儿，就能从微信上获得垃圾的后续去向和收益信息。
这一模式出自科技环保企业“奥北科技”，而奥北的发展，离不开成都这些年的政策支持。近年来，成都以“青年创业就业机会释放和职业素养提升”为导向，增强青年职业服务能级，助力青年在蓉“乐业”。聚焦主导产业发展趋势和青年需求，全面整合孵化载体、资金支持等资源，为青年提供更加便捷的双创服务；加强对科技类小微创新企业的扶持力度，培育“小而精、小而专”的科技创新企业。
多年来，在创始人汪剑超的带领下，“奥北科技”这一小微创新企业致力于推广无人垃圾分类模式，有着良好的发展环境与前景。不算宽敞的办公区内，除了摆放整齐的奖牌、奖杯，最显眼的就是白底绿字的“招牌”——奥北环保回收袋“aobag”。为数不多的员工，承担着公司在成都等多个城市的垃圾分类业务。
十几年前，还未创业的汪剑超已是人中龙凤——中科院学霸、微软工程师、IT精英……彼时，移动互联网行业快速发展。2010年，在微软中国分部任高级工程师的汪剑超因表现优异，被公派至美国总部学习。一天中午，汪剑超到微软总部食堂吃午餐，倒剩余餐食时，面对眼前颜色各异的垃圾桶，他端着盘子不知道从哪下手，最后在同事的帮助下，才了解到如何辨别不同种类的垃圾和垃圾桶。
从此，汪剑超开始关注垃圾分类。“面对环境问题，我们经常抱怨，然后什么也没做。我觉得这样解决不了问题，得做一点事情才行。”汪剑超说。经过观察和思考，他转变观念：“建造一个没有垃圾的垃圾场！”
后来，好友邀请汪剑超到成都创业，这正合他的心意。近年来，各类高能级创新平台如雨后春笋般在蓉城大地盎然生长，12个国家重点实验室、216个国家级创新平台、5个国家级双创示范基地、74个国家级孵化平台，推动了创新人才的汇聚。
汪剑超从北京来到成都，开启人生新阶段。“当时，成都在垃圾分类领域尝试引进社会力量，这是一个很好的发展机会。”汪剑超说，“但创业对我来说是完全陌生的领域，怎样管理团队，怎样与用户沟通，怎样与废品收购站的老板打交道等，都是未知的挑战。”
为了了解人们对垃圾分类的感受和看法，汪剑超带领团队，每周末深入社区做宣传和调研。“当时人们的垃圾分类意识还不高，每来一个居民，我们就讲一遍垃圾分类的知识，或者向他们提供垃圾袋等。虽然很多人不了解这个领域，但对此很感兴趣，也愿意尝试。”汪剑超回忆道。最初，团队采用居民扔垃圾、攒积分换礼品的做法，在小区内放置了1000多个回收箱，引导居民将垃圾扔进去。过了一段时间，汪剑超发现这一做法的成本太高。“每周末需要安排大量志愿者在社区内做相关宣传，每天还需要大约20位师傅在小区里用三轮车收垃圾，人力消耗很大。”
第一次尝试不成功，但汪剑超毫不气馁。“我们在降低成本的问题上思考了很久。其实垃圾分类和交通管理有相似之处，两者都是以一套复杂规则，去规范大量离散人员在不同时间和空间上的行为。”
为了处理好这一问题，2017年，他与新的合伙人创办了“奥北科技”，并研发了奥北回收袋“aobag”。居民通过微信小程序注册会员后，只需要在家中购买回收袋，按照14种分类，将垃圾分装，之后找到附近的智能无人回收站，输入密码进入，将垃圾投递即可。这套运营模式，每周只需要进行一次站点清运工作。“一位工作人员，一天可以收两到三车垃圾，大大降低了人力与时间成本。”
同年，成都市新经济发展大会制定了成都新经济发展的战略目标和基本路径，以新技术为驱动、以新组织为主体、以新产业为支撑、以新业态为引擎、以新模式为突破，创新要素供给，培育产业生态，构建具有国际竞争力和区域带动力的现代产业体系的成都。在这一政策的驱动下，奥北的前景更加广阔。
在汪剑超看来，奥北的整个工作系统都基于科学技术的运用。“我们设计、研发了垃圾分选系统，用户可以在投放垃圾后收到提醒信息，了解一袋垃圾中各类垃圾的重量、一共可以获得多少钱等。如果垃圾分类有错误，我们会及时反馈，将照片发给用户，纠正错误投放行为。”
小程序还是一个学习平台。汪剑超认为，在垃圾分类与回收这件事上，人们需要改变“卖废品”的习惯，每个人都要为自己的垃圾负责。怎样让每个人负责？仅仅靠常规的宣传是不够的，小程序会引导每个用户自主学习垃圾分类知识。他解释道：“垃圾分类的知识很复杂，居民需要通过学习将其变为常识。”目前，小程序为用户准备了1000多个词条，用户对垃圾的具体分类产生疑问时，可以在搜索框输入垃圾名称，获取正确的分类提示。
由以前志愿者对居民进行一对一的讲解，到现在的线上学习与分类，汪剑超找到了正确的创业模式。整个垃圾分类过程只依靠软件和机器就能够完成。“理论上，每个用户都可以这样做一辈子垃圾分类，一次都不用跟我们见面。”
“用5年真正做好一件事”
目前，奥北智能回收点位已扩展到约400个，广泛分布于成都、北京、重庆和呼和浩特等城市，参与注册的用户约10万名。“成都等地市民接受程度高，学习能力强，愿意尝试新鲜事物。如今，用户的垃圾分类准确率能达到99.97%。”
汪剑超的“打法”如今也升级了，不再“跪求”居民垃圾分类，而是向参与垃圾分类的社区等机构收费。“因为垃圾分类是社区的需求，我们用专业服务替社区解决问题，而不是社区卖资源位给我们。”
在类似微信朋友圈的平台上，奥北用户经常分享在垃圾分类中遇到的趣事，或者抛出疑问，和其他人一起探讨。一位用户有一辆许久不用的滑板车，觉得扔掉很可惜，就尝试在车上系上奥北环保袋，将其放在回收点位。另一位用户将装口罩的袋子、装饼干的袋子拍下来，询问是否可以回收。还有用户分享了自己在环保过程中学到的知识——很多包装袋上会印有包装袋的类型，提示人们用它来干什么，例如有的袋子上印的是“非食品接触用塑料包装袋”，有的是“聚乙烯普通型塑料袋”等。
除了社区居民外，很多学校也参与到垃圾分类中。截至2022年4月，在奥北的投放排行榜上，所有参与的学校中，四川师范大学附属实验学校的投递总量稳居第一位，共投递了约132吨垃圾，约等于减少砍伐树木2223棵，共创造收益约14万元。其中，综合纸、黄板纸和书报占据了投放垃圾的大部分。
近年来，随着“公园城市”理念的提出，奥北的大本营成都坚持生态优先、绿色发展的理念，在环境治理、城市绿化等方面颇有成效，宜居优势更加彰显。“相比以前大家不懂什么是垃圾分类，现在越来越多人参与进来，也有了更多见解，比如是否可以通过平台进行旧物置换，公司外卖是否可以集中
回收，等等。”汪剑超说。
有人称汪剑超为“垃圾大王”“垃圾王子”，也有人叫他“收破烂的”。“我们不只是‘收破烂的’。在可回收物上做文章，只是垃圾分类的一部分，也是我们用了5年时间真正做好的一件事情。我们现在也有了厨余垃圾的资源化解决方案，那可能就是另一个5年的事了。”汪剑超对未来充满期待。
2020年3月，汪剑超参加成都新经济发布会。
2022年7月，成都出台若干政策措施，分3个梯度培育新经济示范企业。新经济示范企业享受新经济双百企业政策，还享受更多政策，例如享受“一对一”专班服务，每年公开发布新经济示范企业名单，颁发证书和奖牌，并给予一次性30万元奖励，等等。越来越多青年人，像汪剑超刚来成都那样，对这里充满信心，期望在这个大舞台成功创业，施展才华。（王喆宁）
At the end of the last century,Bill Gates said,"In the near future,a residence without smart home system is just as out of fashion as today's inability to'surf the Internet'."Now in Chengdu,not only smart home systems have been widely used,but also waste recycling is of technology.
Red,green,blue and grey,recyclables,hazardous waste,kitchen waste,etc.Confronted with the colorful garbage bins,people became confused.Where should the garbage be thrown?Now,many people in Chengdu are no longer confused.They just need to search for the name of the waste on the applets to find out the correct classification,sorting the waste at home,then drop the environmental bags on unmanned sites.Wait a little while,they will get a message on where the waste goes,and how much money they get for recycling.
This model comes from"Aobei Technology",a science-and-technology and environmental protection enterprise,and the development of Aobei cannot be separated from the policy support of Chengdu over these years.In recent years,guided b y the concept of"releasing the opportunities for the youth entrepreneurship and employment and improving the professional quality",Chengdu has enhanced the level of the youth vocational services and made young people"work in contentment"in Chengdu.Focus on the development trend of leading industries and the needs of the youth,comprehensively integrate incubation carriers,financial support and other resources,and provide more convenient mass entrepreneurship and innovation services for young people;Strengthen the support for small-and micro-sized innovative enterprises in science and technology,and cultivate scientific and technological innovative enterprises that are"small but sophisticated and specialized".
Over these years,under the leadership of Founder Wang Jianchao,"Aobei Technology",the small-and micro-sized innovative enterprise,has been committed to promoting the unmanned garbage sorting model,with a good development environment and prospects.In the small office area,in addition to neatly-placed medals and cups,what is the most prominent is the"signboard"with green characters on the white background-which wrote"aobag"(Aobei Environmental Recycling Bag).A few employees assume responsibility for the company's garbage classification business in Chengdu and other cities.
Want to Build a"Wasteyard without Waste"
More than a decade ago,Wang Jianchao,who had not yet started his own business,had already been the best among the people-a scholar of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a Microsoft engineer,an IT elite,etc.At that time,the mobile Internet industry developed rapidly.In 2010,Wang Jianchao,then a senior engineer in Microsoft China,was sent to the US headquarters for study because of his outstanding performance.At noon one day,Wang Jianchao went to the canteen o f Microsoft Headquarters to have lunch.When he was pouring the leftovers in his plate,he faced the trash cans with different colors in front of him with the plate in his hand,not knowing where to go.Finally,with the help of his colleagues,he learned how to distinguish different types of garbage and trash cans.
Since then,Wang Jianchao began to pay attention to garbage classification."In the face of environmental problems,we often complain about them but do nothing.I don't think this can solve the
problem.We have to take action."Wang Jianchao said.After observation and thinking,he suddenly came up with an idea:"Build a garbage dump without garbage!"
Later,Wang Jianchao's friends invited him to start business in Chengdu,which was just to his liking.In recent years,various high-energy innovation platforms have mushroomed in Chengdu,including 12 national key laboratories,216 national innovation platforms,5 national innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration bases,and 74 national incubation platforms,which has promoted the convergence of innovative talents.(As of January 2022,Chengdu Municipal People's Government News)
Wang Jianchao came to Chengdu from Beijing,starting a new stage of his life."At that time,Chengdu tried to introduce social force into the field of garbage classification,which brought a good development opportunity."Wang Jianchao said,"But entrepreneurship is an entirely new area to me.How to manage the team,how to communicate with users,and how to make contact with the boss of the salvage station were unknown to me and I was confronted with the challenge."
In order to understand people's feelings and views on garbage classification,Wang Jianchao led his team to go to the community every weekend for publicity and research."At that time,people were not strongly aware of garbage classification.Every time when we met a resident,we would explain the concepts of garbage classification or provide him or her with garbage bags.Although many people didn't know well garbage classification,they were very interested in it and were willing to try it."Wang Jianchao recalled.At first,the team encouraged
the residents to save points for gifts by throwing garbage correctly and put more than 1,000 recycling bins in the community to guide residents to do that.After a period of time,Wang Jianchao found that the cost of this practice was too high."At that time,multiple volunteers were needed t o make relevant publicity in the community every weekend.Also,every day,about 20 needed to collect garbage in the community with tricycles,which could be a huge consumption of manpower."Wang Jianchao hit a bottleneck.
An Applet Can Solve Big Problems
The first attempt was unsuccessful,but Wang Jianchao was not discouraged."We have been thinking about cost reduction for a long time.In fact,there are similarities between garbage classification and traffic management.In both areas,a set of complex rules have been formulated to regulate the behavior of a large number of passer-bys in different time and place."
In order to address this problem,in 2017,he founded"Aobei Technology"with his new partners and developed"aobag",an Aobei recycling bag.After registering as a member through the applet in WeChat,residents could only need to buy recycling bags at home,subpackage the waste according to 14 classifications of the garbage,find the nearby intelligent unmanned recycling station,enter the password,and deliver the waste.In this operation mode,the stations only need to be cleared once a week."One worker could receive two or three cars of waste a day,which greatly reduced the human cost and time cost."
In April 2022, Wang Jianchao (left) was playing games with his colleagues.
In the same year,the New Economic Development Conference of Chengdu formulated the strategic objectives and basic path for the new economic development of Chengdu.Specifically,Chengdu should pursue development driven by new technologies,guided by new organizations as the main body,supported by new industries and propelled by new operation,and make breakthroughs under new models,to foster innovation elements for the supply.Cultivate the industrial ecology,and build a modern industrial system with international competitiveness and regional driving force.Driven by this policy,the prospect of Aobei is even broader.
In Wang Jianchao's opinion,the whole work system of Aobei is based on the application o f science and technology."We have designed and developed a garbage sorting system,so that users can get known the weight of various kinds of garbage in the bag and how much they can get in return,as they receive reminder messages after putting the garbage into the bins.If an error occurs in the garbage classification,we will give timely feedback,send photos to users,and correct the wrong behavior
of placing the garbage."
The applet i s also a platform for learning.With regard to garbage classification and recycling,Wang Jianchao believes that people need to change the habit of"selling waste"and be responsible for the waste produced by them.How to make everyone bear their responsibility?Regular publicity may not be enough.The applet will guide the users to learn about garbage classification on their own.He explained:"The knowledge about garbage classification is very complex,and residents need to learn to turn it into common sense."At present,the applet has prepared more than 1,000 terms for users.When users have questions about the specific classification o f garbage,they can enter the garbage
name in the search box to get the correct classification prompt.
From the previous one-on-one explanation o f volunteers t o the residents,to the current online learning and classification,Wang Jianchao has found the correct business model.The whole process of garbage classification can be completed only by software and machines."Theoretically,users can complete the garbage classification like this for a lifetime without meeting us."
In April 2022, Wang Jianchao was working at the office.
"Five years for doing one thing well"
At present,there has been around 400 Aobei intelligent recycling sites,widely distributed in Chengdu,Beijing,Chongqing,Hohhot,and many other cities,with about 100,000 registered users."The citizens in cities such as Chengdu have high acceptance,strong learning ability and are willing to try new things.Today,the accuracy of the classification of the garbage by users can reach 99.97%."
Wang Jianchao's"playing method"has also been upgraded.Instead of"begging"for garbage classification,he charges organizations such as communities that participate in garbage classification."Garbage classification is the demand of the community,which requires us to address the problems for the community with professional services,instead of sellling us resources."
On a platform similar to the WeChat Moments,Aobei users often share interesting experience related to garbage classification,or raise questions and discuss them with others.A user who had a scooter
that had not been used for a long time,would try to attach an Aobei environmental bag to the scooter and put it at a recycling site,instead of throwing it away.Another user took photos of the bag for masks and biscuits and asked if they could be recycled.Users also shared their knowledge they had acquired in the process of environmental protection.Many packaging bags would be printed with the types of packaging bags to remind people what to do with it.For example,some bags are printed with"plastic packaging bags for nonfood contact",and some others are printed with"polyethylene ordinary
plastic bags".
In addition t o the community residents,many schools also participate in garbage classification.As of April 2022,among all the participating schools,the Experimental School Affiliated to Sichuan
Normal University has ranked 1st in terms of total delivery volume according to Aobei.It had delivered about 132 tons of garbage,which is equivalent to reducing the removal of 2,223 trees and generating
about RMB 140,000 of revenue.Among them,comprehensive paper,yellow board paper,and books and newspapers accounted for the majority part of the garbage.
In recent years,with the proposal of the concept of"Park City",Chengdu,where Aobei Headquarters lies,adheres to the concept of ecological priority and green development,and has achieved great results in environmental governance,urban greening,etc.,which shows more livable advantages."While we didn't know what garbage classification was in the past,now more and more people have participated in the activity and gained more insights on whether it is possible to replace old
things through the platform,and whether the takeout of a company can be centrally recycled,etc."Wang Jianchao said.
Some people call Wang Jianchao as the"King of Garbage"or the"Garbage Prince",while others call him"Scrap Collector"."We are not just'collecting scrap'.It is only a part of garbage classification to do with recyclable articles,and it is also a thing that we use 5 years to truly do well.Now we also have a solution for the recycling of kitchen waste,which may take another five years."Wang Jianchao looks forward to the future.
In July 2022,Chengdu introduced several policy measures to cultivate new economic enterprises in 3 steps.New economic demonstration enterprises will enjoy the policies for new economic double-hundred enterprises as well as other policies,such as the"one-on-one"special services,annual public release of a list of new economic demonstration firms,awarding certificates or medals,and giving a one-time award of RMB 300,000,etc.More and more young people,like Wang Jianchao,who had just arrived in Chengdu,are full of confidence with the city,and look forward to successful entrepreneurship and show their talents on this big stage.
